Oral Rehabilitation in Oncology Patients: The Dentist’s Critical Role

Abstract

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery significantly impact oral health, often leading to debilitating complications that affect patients’ quality of life. Oral mucositis, xerostomia, dental caries, infections, and osteoradionecrosis are common challenges that impair function, nutrition, and psychological well-being. The role of dentists in oncology care is critical, extending beyond routine dental procedures to include prevention, management, and comprehensive oral rehabilitation.

This article explores the dentist's multidisciplinary role at every stage of oncology care. Pre-treatment oral evaluations aim to identify and resolve existing dental issues, reducing treatment delays and preventing complications. During active cancer therapy, strategies such as mucositis management, salivary stimulation, and infection control mitigate oral challenges and improve patient comfort. Post-treatment, oral rehabilitation focuses on restoring function and aesthetics through prosthetic interventions, dental implants, and maxillofacial prosthetics. Advanced techniques, such as tissue reconstruction and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, address complex cases like osteoradionecrosis.

The integration of digital dentistry, regenerative therapies, and artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing oral rehabilitation, providing innovative and precise solutions for oncology patients. However, challenges such as financial barriers, patient compliance, and resource limitations must be addressed to ensure equitable access to care. Collaborative efforts among dentists, oncologists, dietitians, and other healthcare providers are essential for delivering patient-centered care that optimizes clinical outcomes and improves quality of life.