Innovations in Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure
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Abstract
Despite pharmacologic advancements, mechanical ventilation remains critical for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Dependent on illness severity, ARF may require invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) or can be managed noninvasively with high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation (HFNC O2) or noninvasive MV. Invasive procedures like bronchoscopy, airway suctioning, and prone positioning necessitate networked MV with transport ventilators. Currently, 40% of ICU ventilated patients need MV <48 h, especially following elective surgeries. MV delivered by ICU bedside ventilators is more sophisticated, but monitoring is often confounded by patient sedation. Automatic adjustment of MV parameters is not viable. Thus, research is needed on innovative, safe, feasible, and effective algorithm-driven improvements for simple bedside ventilators (L. Dellaca’ et al., 2017) or prophylactic designs for portable or transport ventilators.