Evaluation of Using fly Ash Pozzolans and iron Smelting Slag Along with Water-Cement-Based Polymers on the Mechanical Characteristics and Durability of Concretes Used in the Persian Gulf Environmental Conditions

Abstract

This experimental study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of incorporating fly ash pozzolans, iron smelting slag, and water-cement-based polymers in enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of concrete structures in the harsh environmental conditions of the Persian Gulf. The study addressed the issue of premature deterioration and reduced useful life of concrete structures in the region, particularly in the country's southern coasts. The results showed that increasing the cement grade led to higher compressive strength of the samples, and carbonation reduced the flux by filling the pores and creating a barrier against chloride ion penetration. Additionally, the passing flux decreased with a reduction in the water-to-cement ratio and an increase in the percentage of fly ash. The study also found that the chloride ion penetration depth decreased by decreasing the water-to-cement ratio and increasing the percentage of fly ash. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of fly ash pozzolans in filling the holes, providing high strength to concrete, and improving its durability by converting ettringite to C-S-H gel. These results could contribute to the development of more sustainable and durable concrete structures in the region. Future research could focus on investigating the influence of other factors, such as the size and shape of the aggregates and the curing conditions, on the properties and performance of concrete.