Demand Response to Price Signals in Microgrids: Insights and Future Directions from a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Microgrids have emerged in the context of promoting greater sustainability and the need for an efficient energy transition to low-carbon sources. The relevance of these networks stems from their ability to offer greater energy efficiency, adjust the internal consumption of their users, reduce costs, and provide energy generation that is less harmful to the environment. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence these responses to fluctuations in energy prices, seeking to offer insights to improve management and promote an efficient and sustainable energy transition. A systematic literature review investigated variations in price signals in microgrids and their impact on users' behavioral patterns. The results highlight that users' acceptance of and reaction to price signals are influenced by various factors, such as their understanding of the economic and environmental benefits, their trust in the technology, and the usability of microgrid systems. In addition, the literature emphasizes the importance of public policies and financial incentives to encourage the adoption of microgrids. Integrating distributed generation and energy storage technologies, combined with dynamic pricing strategies, has proven effective in optimizing energy consumption and reducing operating costs. However, significant challenges remain, including greater consumer awareness and education and developing robust and secure infrastructures.