Factor for Decision-Making on Renewable Energy Modes in Rural Properties

Abstract

This article presents a systematic review on the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods and the implementation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for weighting the Dimensions and their Factors in the selection of energy modalities for rural areas. The objective of the study is to identify the most commonly used approaches and criteria in the evaluation of energy alternatives, including renewable (solar, wind, biomass) and conventional sources, to meet the energy needs of rural communities in a sustainable manner. The article highlights the importance of MCDM in energy planning for rural areas, as these methods enable the integration of multiple factors in complex and diverse scenarios. It demonstrates the weighting of the Dimensions and their respective Factors, obtained through the AHP method and interviews with 29 experts in the field of renewable energy working in various professional sectors. The results indicate that the optimal energy solution depends on the local context, the specific needs of the community, and the availability of resources. The environmental and economic Dimensions were identified as the most relevant for decision-making regarding the choice of the energy modality used in the rural context of a developing country in Latin America. The study concludes that MCDM is important for promoting sustainability and efficiency in rural energy solutions, providing a structured approach to balancing multiple factors in decision-making processes.