Enhancing Healthcare Logistics Through a Blockchain-Iot Framework: A Study on Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Optimization

Abstract

Healthcare logistics faced unique challenges that required innovative solutions to enhance transparency, data integrity, and operational efficiency. This study addressed these challenges by developing a Blockchain-Internet of Things (B-IoT) framework for healthcare logistics, with a focus on drug and medical supply management. The integration of a decentralized, tamper-proof ledger with real-time IoT monitoring improved traceability, security, and automation in pharmaceutical supply chains. To evaluate the impact of this framework, the research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review with expert interviews involving healthcare logistics managers, technology developers, and regulatory consultants. The proposed framework assessed critical factors such as technological infrastructure, data governance, interoperability, regulatory compliance, and cost-effectiveness. Following B-IoT implementation, significant improvements were observed. Order processing time decreased by 75%, from 48 hours to just 12 hours. Supply chain visibility increased by 137.5%, while shipment errors dropped by 88%, and inventory mismanagement incidents were reduced by 86.7%. Additionally, overall logistics costs fell by 25%, though cybersecurity expenses rose by 20% and training costs increased by 200% due to the need for specialized workforce training. Notably, data breaches and patient privacy violations were completely eliminated, demonstrating the framework’s effectiveness in enhancing security. Despite these benefits, several challenges emerged, including high integration costs, a shortage of technical expertise, and regulatory hurdles. To address these barriers, the study recommended phased implementation strategies, including pilot programs and structured training initiatives. The findings suggested that B-IoT technologies could significantly improve healthcare logistics in terms of efficiency, security, and compliance, though further research was needed to optimize scalability and cost-effectiveness.