Iot-Enabled Energy Management of a Hybrid Supercapacitor-Battery Storage System for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

This project presents an IoT-based control system for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in an electric vehicle (EV), utilizing a super capacitor and battery combination. The system aims to improve EV performance and battery lifespan by intelligently managing power distribution between the two storage components. The HESS is powered by a rectified and filtered AC mains supply (220V stepped down to 12V via transformer, then converted to DC). An Arduino Uno microcontroller forms the core of the control system, with status displayed on a 16x2 LCD. Vehicle speed is controlled via a throttle potentiometer interfaced with an L293D motor driver connected to a DC motor. A key feature of the system is its ability to detect sudden throttle changes (e.g., a 5-point or greater increase in speed demand) and activate the super capacitor to handle the surge, thereby protecting the battery from rapid discharge. Relays are used to switch the super capacitor and battery into the circuit as needed. Real-time monitoring of system parameters is achieved through an IoT cloud platform using a GSM modem with TCP/IP communication. This approach aims to optimize energy usage, enhance battery health, and improve the overall performance of the electric vehicle.