Numerical Investigation of Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nano fluid Wall Jet Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer over a Permeable Stretching Surface

Abstract

Wall jet flows play a vital role in thermal regulation of electronic components, where a high-speed fluid stream is directed from a narrow slit along a flat surface to enhance heat dissipation. This method effectively boosts heat transfer rates, making it highly suitable for managing thermal loads in compact electronic systems. The present study introduces a new numerical approach to examine non-Newtonian wall jet flow of a hybrid Nano fluid, characterized by the suspension of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles within a sodium alginate base fluid. A key contribution of this work lies in its comparative analysis of such a hybrid Nano fluid flow over a permeable, stretching surface, incorporating the influences of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. The analysis considers two different flow regimes: suction (S > 0) and injection (S < 0). Through appropriate similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations. These are then solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. Graphical illustrations are employed to explore the effects of various dimensionless parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. The results indicate that increasing the porosity parameter leads to a decrease in skin friction, thereby reducing interlayer resistance and facilitating smoother fluid flow—particularly prominent in the suction case. Moreover, an increase in the thermophoresis parameter causes a decline in the Nusselt number due to the formation of a thicker thermal boundary layer, which impedes convective heat transfer; this effect is more pronounced in the injection scenario as fresh fluid thickens the layer. Conversely, the Sherwood number rises with higher thermophoresis values, as the injection process promotes better dispersion and mixing of nanoparticles, thereby improving mass transfer efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights for the design of advanced cooling strategies in microelectronic devices, turbine blade cooling, and other thermal management applications.