The Role of Renewable Energy in Supporting Nursing Care Delivery in Telehealth Services in hospitals and PHCs in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Telehealth Services delivery in Hospitals and PHCs are critical in delivering nursing care to underserved and geographically isolated populations in Saudi Arabia. However, reliable energy access remains a significant challenge that can hinder healthcare service quality and continuity. Renewable energy technologies offer promising solutions to provide sustainable, resilient, and cost-effective power in these settings.

Objective: This systematic review aims to explore the role of renewable energy in supporting nursing care delivery within hospitals and PHCs in Saudi Arabia, assessing its impact on service accessibility, quality, sustainability, and operational efficiency.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and regional sources, focusing on studies published up to 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised studies addressing renewable energy applications in healthcare, specifically in mobile or remote clinic contexts, with emphasis on nursing care delivery. Data extraction and thematic synthesis were performed following PRISMA guidelines.

Results: The review identified key renewable energy modalities—solar photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and hybrid energy systems—successfully implemented in healthcare settings similar to Saudi Arabia’s remote clinics. These technologies have demonstrated significant improvements in power reliability, enabling uninterrupted operation of critical nursing equipment and electronic health records. Additionally, renewable energy integration was associated with reduced operational costs and carbon footprint, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 sustainability goals. Challenges noted include initial capital investment, technical expertise requirements, and maintenance constraints in harsh environments.

Conclusion: Renewable energy serves as a pivotal enabler for enhancing nursing care delivery in hospitals and PHCs in Saudi Arabia by ensuring reliable power supply, promoting environmental sustainability, and improving healthcare accessibility. Policymakers and healthcare leaders should prioritize investments in renewable energy infrastructure and training to optimize the benefits for nursing services in underserved areas.