Experimental Study on MPPT Solar Charge Controller Using P and O Technique

Abstract

Solar panels transform solar energy into electrical power, it is stored in batteries during the day and used at night.  Our aim is to maximise solar panel electricity to the load.  A network principle called maximum power point transfer theorem helps us do this.  The DC to DC converter adjusts the solar voltage output for the load in the circuit to raise or reduce voltage.  The DC-to-DC converter's duty cycle is changed by an Arduino control board to reach the desired load voltage.  The Arduino board uses Perturb and Observe to calculate the Maximum Power Point (MPP) from the load side signal.  At full power, the battery charges and stores solar energy like a load.  DC energy from the battery can be used directly or converted to AC via an inverter.  We use the Perturb and Observe MPPT approach in this scenario.  Photovoltaic panel performance depends on the MPPT algorithm.  It tracks the maximum power point to improve solar module conversion efficiency.  There are many tracking algorithms for this.  Using P&O method, MPPT Solar charge controllers are more efficient than PWM controllers.