Deep Learning-Enhanced Photonic Crystal and Integrated Optical Devices for Sensing and Communication: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The blend of Deep learning (DL) with photonic crystal (PhC)-based optical devices is transforming contemporary sensing and communication technologies. These advancements take advantage of the exceptional confinement, sensitivity, and flexibility of PhCs, further enhanced through data-driven modeling and optimization facilitated by DL. This manuscript provides a thorough analysis of recent progress in the design, analysis, and application of photonic systems incorporating DL. Key topics include optical logic circuits, biosensors, reconfigurable resonators, and light manipulation through photonic bandgap engineering, emphasizing how ML/DL methods enhance accuracy, miniaturization, and functionality.