Biology of Tooth Movement

Abstract

Tooth movement by orthodontic force application is characterized by Remodeling changes in dental and paradental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and gingiva. These tissues, when exposed to varying degrees of magnitude, frequency, and duration of mechanical loading, express extensive macroscopic and microscopic changes. Orthodontic tooth movement differs markedly from physiological dental drift or tooth eruption. The former is uniquely characterized by the abrupt creation of compression and tension regions in the PDL.The aims of this study is to shed light on the biological effects of force of the orthodontic treatment and the effect of light and heavy force on the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone.