Magnetohydrodynamic Heat and Mass Transfer in Cu–H₂O and Al₂O₃–H₂O Nanofluids over a Permeable Extended Surface with Chemical Reactions and Thermal Radiation
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Abstract
The dynamics of mass transport and convective heat in a magneto hydrodynamic nanofluid passing through a permeable medium on top of an extended surface while being subjected to a magnetic field are investigated in this publication. Chemical processes, thermal radiation, viscosity dissipation, and heat creation are all included in the extensive analytical model. We discuss in detail some of the governing properties, such as heat generation, thermal radiation, magnetic fields, chemical processes, porosity, and viscous dissipation. Additionally, the volumetric distribution of nanoparticles at the boundary interface is proposed to be controllable. This investigation focuses on two distinct types of nanofluids: Cu-H2O and Al2O3-H2O. The problem is theoretically framed in terms of a system of nonlinear differential equations. These are then solved numerically by combining the shooting method with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta methodology. Our results show good agreement with those that have been previously published in the academic literature.