A Comprehensive Review of Energy Management Systems for Mi-crogrids

Abstract

The global energy sector is undergoing a profound restructuring, compelled by a triad of pressures: escalating power demand worldwide, the critical imperative to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and the strategic goal of fostering socio-economic development through sustainable infrastructure. Within this transformative landscape, Microgrids (MGs) have solidified their role as a cornerstone technology, enabling the seamless integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), with a pronounced emphasis on renewables, into the traditional utility grid framework. A defining operational characteristic of microgrids is their ability to decouple from the main grid and sustain power autonomously in "island mode," a feature paramount for ensuring the reliability of critical loads during outages. To orchestrate the complex interplay of generation, storage, and consumption within a microgrid, an intelligent Energy Management System (EMS) is not just beneficial but essential. This review paper presents a critical synthesis of the diverse decision-making paradigms and optimization algorithms that form the core of modern microgrid EMS. It further consolidates methodological approaches for quantifying and managing the inherent uncertainties stemming from renewable intermittency and stochastic load profiles. The discourse extends to an evaluation of the communication architectures that underpin EMS functionality, analyzing their cost-effectiveness. Finally, the paper draws insights from real-world implementations and projects future research trajectories and evolving trends in the field.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.2937