Interdisciplinary Management of Diabetic Emergencies: The Roles of Emergency Medical Technicians, Pharmacists, and Dietitians

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus places individuals at risk for acute metabolic derangements that can lead to life-threatening states. The development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia are potential emergencies that require rapid assessment and intervention. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs), pharmacists, and registered dietitians are well-positioned to assist individuals experiencing these emergent conditions. Each discipline plays an essential role in the management of these acute situations from the onset of symptoms to discharge from emergency care.

Diabetic emergencies remain prevalent throughout the United States and Canada. Avoiding hospital visits or minimizing facility time are top priorities among those living with diabetes in these regions. To reduce the burden of long wait times, the number of returns for relatively simple issues, and the potential for misdiagnoses, interdisciplinary cooperation between EMT, pharmacy, dietitian, and other care systems is critical for ensuring quick, thorough service at all stages of an event. Nurses and physicians contribute to the acute-care response to hyperglycemia, yet specific and complementary roles have emerged for the other disciplines (D. Lovelace, 2019).