Health Security in Hospitals- An Integrated Framework for Protecting Patients, Healthcare Workers, and Healthcare Facilities

Abstract

Health security in hospitals has emerged as a critical component of modern healthcare systems, particularly in the face of emerging infectious diseases, disasters, workplace violence, cyber threats, and systemic healthcare challenges. Hospitals are complex environments that must simultaneously protect patients, healthcare workers, and infrastructure while ensuring continuity of care. This paper examines health security in hospitals as an integrated framework encompassing infection prevention, occupational safety, emergency preparedness, infrastructure resilience, and health information security. Through a narrative review of international guidelines and peer-reviewed literature, this paper highlights key dimensions of hospital health security, identifies existing challenges, and proposes a comprehensive model for strengthening health security systems. The findings emphasize that an integrated, multidisciplinary approach is essential for improving hospital resilience, safeguarding human resources, and enhancing patient outcomes.