The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in modern orthodontics, offering unprecedented accuracy, automation, and predictive capabilities across diagnostic and treatment planning processes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current applications, performance, benefits, and limitations of AI models in orthodontic diagnosis—including cephalometric tracing, skeletal classification, dental segmentation, growth prediction—and their integration into orthodontic treatment planning. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Keywords included “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “deep learning,” “orthodontics,” “diagnosis,” and “treatment planning.” A total of 68 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively.