A Smart Grid–Based Lighting Control Framework for Enhancing Visual Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Smart Buildings

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of visual fatigue in modern indoor working environments has emerged as a significant concern, particularly in smart buildings where occupants spend prolonged hours under artificial lighting. Inadequate lighting conditions—such as improper illumination levels, glare, poor uniformity, and lack of adaptability to natural daylight—directly affect visual comfort and may reduce work efficiency and overall well-being. Addressing these challenges requires intelligent lighting solutions that balance human-centric needs with energy efficiency objectives.

This study proposes a smart grid–based lighting control framework designed to enhance visual comfort while minimizing energy consumption in smart buildings. The framework integrates adaptive lighting control with smart grid technologies, enabling real-time interaction between lighting loads, occupancy patterns, daylight availability, and dynamic electricity pricing. By employing distributed sensors and control algorithms, the system continuously adjusts lighting parameters to maintain optimal visual conditions while responding to grid-level constraints.

The methodology involves comprehensive system modeling followed by simulation-based analysis under varying occupancy, daylight, and load demand scenarios. Visual comfort is evaluated using standard illumination and glare indices, while energy performance is assessed through comparative consumption analysis against conventional static lighting systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly reduces visual fatigue indicators by maintaining consistent and personalized lighting conditions. At the same time, energy consumption is reduced due to demand-responsive control and efficient utilization of natural light.

Overall, the findings confirm that integrating smart lighting control with smart grid infrastructure can effectively improve visual comfort and achieve substantial energy efficiency gains, making it a viable solution for next-generation smart buildings.