Investigating Nexus Technologies in the Water, Energy and Food Systems: A Solution for Middle East Water Hydro Policies Through the Analysis of Transboundary River Basins

Abstract

Climate change, population growth and economic development create critical challenges in the supply of water, energy and food on a national and global scale. The Middle East is of particular importance due to rapid industrialization, fragile environment, unstable political relations and transboundary water disputes. According to this research, the factors affecting WEF security in the transboundary region are: water shortage, migration, extreme events, economic growth, urbanization, population growth, poverty and political stability. The results show that most countries in the Middle East face WEF resource insecurity due to poor planning or wrong management strategies. This review explores the WEF linkage as a comprehensive approach to seeking regional solutions to common challenges in these countries. This article examines the urban water shortage under the scenarios of sewage pollution risk, agricultural water stress, drought exposure, environmental water stress and human water stress, related to flood exposure, fish threats, nutrient pollution, political water stress. and etc. at the global level, using a critical water policy approach, examines the transboundary water nexus interaction framework. It also provides projections for the years 2030 and 2050 and provides estimates of the state of transboundary river systems for us and the next generation. This assessment uses indicators of stress factors using cluster analysis in the TWAP program to provide a comprehensive picture of the state of transboundary river basins, especially in the Middle East and Iran. Also, analysis was used in VOS Viewer software to identify keyword and topic connections, and the method based on this problem was generalized at the global level after identification.