Renewable Energy Strategies in Conservation Areas: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications

Abstract

Indonesia's National Energy Policy aims to harness renewable energy resources while balancing biodiversity conservation. Renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, hydro, marine, geothermal, and bioenergy offer sustainable solutions but pose environmental challenges. This paper focuses on the renewable energy potential in conservation areas like Raja Ampat, which boasts rich marine biodiversity. The study emphasizes the need for specific regulations to ensure the sustainable deployment of these technologies. Using a systematic literature review, we identified research trends, challenges, and solutions for renewable energy development over the past decade, focusing on Raja Ampat's unique ecological context. The methodology involved a comprehensive search of major academic databases from 2014 to 2024, selecting peer-reviewed articles pertinent to renewable energy, conservation, and sustainable development. The review highlights key trends in renewable energy technologies, policy approaches, and the importance of ecosystem-based assessments for marine energy projects. Challenges include limited access and infrastructure, high initial costs, and the need for local expertise. Solutions proposed involve financial incentives, capacity building, and strict environmental policies to balance energy development with conservation. This study provides a foundation for future research and policy development, offering practical guidance for implementing renewable energy projects in conservation areas. With appropriate policies and strategic partnerships, Raja Ampat can be a model for integrating renewable energy and conservation, contributing to sustainable development and improved quality of life for local communities.