Phosphorylation to Physicochemical Characteristics (Phosphate Content, Substitution Degree, Resistant Starch, FTIR and Critalinity) of Banggai Yams Starch

Abstract

One source of starch that is endemic to Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi, is the Banggai yam plant (Dioscorea alata L.). Banggai yam has starch with a high yield and has the potential to be developed through starch processing technology, but it has several weaknesses. If processing continues, a starch modification process is required. Starch phosphorylation is one method of starch modification that produces cross-linked phosphate starch as a functional food ingredient. Phosphorylation reagents can use sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or an STMP/STPP ratio mixture: 99/1. The research objectives are to determine the best concentration of STMP, STPP reagents and a mixture of STMP/STPP ratio: 99/1 in making BYSP and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of BYSP for functional food ingredients. The first stage was the Synthesis of Banggai Yam Starch Phosphate (BYSP), and the BYSP obtained was then analyzed for its physicochemical properties, including phosphate content and degree of cross-linking substitution, RS content, binding of phosphate functional groups using FTIR, and crystallinity using an X-ray diffractometer. The results of the research were STMP 10% phosphate content 0.274 and DS 0.260; STPP 2% resistant starch 4,450; FTIR BYSP is classified as OH with a frequency area of ​​3420.41–3419.02 cm^-1, CH3 with a frequency area of ​​2931.33–2929.74 cm^-1 and C=C with a frequency area of ​​1645.10–1641.84 cm^-1; The degree of crystallinity ranges from 12-13%. Moreover, crystallinity using an X-ray diffractometer. The results of the research were STMP 10% phosphate content 0.274 and DS 0.260; STPP 2% resistant starch 4,450; FTIR BYSP is classified as OH with a frequency area of ​​3420.41–3419.02 cm^-1, CH3 with a frequency area of ​​2931.33–2929.74 cm^-1 and C=C with a frequency area of ​​1645.10–1641.84 cm^-1; The degree of crystallinity ranges from 12-13%. Moreover, crystallinity using an X-ray diffractometer. The results of the research were STMP 10% phosphate content 0.274 and DS 0.260; STPP 2% resistant starch 4,450; FTIR BYSP is classified as OH with a frequency area of ​​3420.41–3419.02 cm^-1, CH3 with a frequency area of ​​2931.33–2929.74 cm^-1 and C=C with a frequency area of ​​1645.10–1641.84 cm-1; The degree of crystallinity ranges from 12-13%.