Expanding the Horizons of mRNA Therapeutics: Applications Beyond Vaccines in Modern Medicine – A Systematic Review

Abstract

mRNA therapeutics, once primarily confined to the realm of vaccine development, have emerged as a versatile platform with potential applications across numerous fields of medicine. This systematic review explores the expanding role of mRNA therapeutics beyond vaccines, focusing on key advancements in cancer therapy, treatment of genetic disorders, infectious disease management, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune conditions. By evaluating recent preclinical and clinical research, we assess the unique mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and delivery challenges associated with these applications. Our findings indicate that mRNA therapeutics hold significant promise in enabling targeted, adaptable, and personalized treatments. However, considerable obstacles remain, including delivery efficiency, stability, and immunogenicity, which are essential for translating mRNA technology into effective and widely accessible therapies. This review underscores the transformative impact of mRNA therapeutics and highlights future directions for research and development to overcome current limitations and expand mRNA’s clinical applicability.